suggesting the potential for a positive increase in
the future. The most common of these, Adderall, Methylphenidate
(Ritalin) and Modafinil are either obtained
from friends or online. Users obtain these drugs most
commonly with the aim of enhancing cognition (as opposed
to offsetting sleep deprivation or enhancing
mood). Whilst estimates of the prevalence vary, results
from the United States (14 % of 381 respondents) [6]
and Switzerland (7.6 % of 6275 students), demonstrate
that non-prescription use of prescription only drugs for
the purposes of cognitive enhancement poses a significant
ethical problem.