• Estimation: Estimation allows the project manager to
plan for the resources required for project execution
through establishing the number and size of tasks
that need to be completed in the project.
• Work breakdown structure (WBS): This is a
breakdown of the project or a piece of work into its
component parts (tasks).
• Project constraints: Projects can be resource-
constrained (limited by the type of people, monetary
or hardware resources available) or time-constrained
(limited by the deadline).