Speaking up is important for patient safety, but often, health care professionals hesitate to voice
concerns. Understanding the influencing factors can help to improve speaking-up behaviour and team communication.
This review focused on health care professionals’ speaking-up behaviour for patient safety and aimed at (1) assessing
the effectiveness of speaking up, (2) evaluating the effectiveness of speaking-up training, (3) identifying the factors
influencing speaking-up behaviour, and (4) developing a model for speaking-up behaviour