Planned methods of analysis
All authors were contacted to request either raw data or
additional summary statistics to those reported. No raw
data were supplied, and analyses were therefore
conducted on the reported final summary statistics.
Standard deviations were estimated from reported CIs or
percentiles, as necessary.30 Change scores were used for
studies when no other data were forthcoming, in-line with
the use of random effects as primary analyses.29 Heterogeneity
in treatment effects was considered by computation
of I2. An analysis of the quality of the interventions
was undertaken as the basis for interpretation of
heterogeneity