Through the intersection of the two layers (the 5 km buffer and
montmorillonite location areas), an output map is obtained
that precisely locates these hazardous areas in the 5 km buffer
zone (Fig. 11). These hazardous areas are overlaid over the
proposed development projects areas within the study area
(obtained from the National Center for Planning Governmental
Land Uses in Egypt). It could be observed that some of
these hazardous areas intersect with the proposed development
areas for urbanization extension, which represent a great
advantage for decision and policy makers for future planning.