The crude enzyme mixture was clarified by centrifugation and filtered sequentially through 0.45 and 0.2 m nitrocellulose membranes. This mixture of enzymes with multiple activities, referred to hereafter as “multi-enzyme” was then concentrated 15-fold on a Minimate tangential flow filtration system using a 30 kDa MWCO membrane (Pall, Port Washington, NY). The enzyme was stored at 4◦C and used for subsequent studies.