Finally, the level of analysis must be addressed [4, 42]. Are the benefits to be measured
from the individual’s perspective, his or her employer, or that of the industry or
of the nation? Collapsing “individual” and “organizational impacts” into a single
variable, “net benefits,” does not make the problem go away. It merely transfers the
need to specify the focus of analysis to the researcher.
Based on these considerations, we have updated the original D&M IS Success Model
as a foundation for framing future IS empirical research.