These findings strongly suggest that seed coating with E+CL, which was studied here, is an interesting
strategy in direct-seed rice production system. Physiological changes occurring in kernels led to the increase of
yield. E+CL polymer improved seedlings vigor, caused better plant growth, improved chlorophyll accumulation,
yield attributes, and minerals uptake efficiency. Moreover, it did not produce any undesirable chemical residue
contaminating soil and grain.