Literature Review………………………………………………………….8
2.1 A General Look at ABC……………………………………….. 8
2.1.1 What is Activity-Based Costing?……………………..8
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2.1.2 Fundamentals of ABC………………………………...9
2.1.3 Why is ABC Needed?………………………………...10
2.1.4 When is ABC Needed?………………………………. 12
2.2 Implementation of ABC………………………………………...14
2.2.1 A Model for Implementation………………………… 14
2.2.2 Vital Factors in ABC Implementation……………….. 17
2.2.2.1 Top Management Support…………………..17
2.2.2.2 Other Major Initiatives……………………...18
2.2.2.3 Linkage to Performance
Evaluation and Compensation……………... 18
2.2.2.4 Training……………………………………..18
2.2.2.5 Non-accounting ownership………………… 19
2.2.2.6 Resources…………………………………... 19
2.2.2.7 Information Technology Sophistication…… 20
2.3 Activity-Based Management…………………………………... 20
2.4 Case Studies from the Literature………………………………..22
2.4.1 ABC at Dayton Technologies………………………... 22
2.4.2 Colter Industries- Choosing
the Right Customer…………………………………... 25
2.5 What is Theory of Constraints?………………………………... 27
2.6 Integrating ABC and TOC……………………………………...30
2.6.1 Limitations of ABC………………………………….. 30
2.6.2 Limitations of TOC…………………………………...30
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2.6.3 How do ABC and TOC
complement each other?……………………………... 30
2.6.4 Past Research Performed on
Integrating ABC and TOC……………………………31
2.7 What is Capacity?……………………………………………… 34
2.8 Activity Mapping to Identify Bottlenecks……………………... 38
2.9 An ABC and TOC Model To Measure
the Costs of Resource Usage …………………………………...43
Chapter III
Model Formulation……………………………………………………….. 46
3.1 The Conventional Product-Mix
Problem……………………………………………………….. 46
3.2 ABC Hierarchical Model………………………………………. 48
3.3 The Proposed Approach……………………………………… 49
3.3.1 Mutually Exclusive Products………………………… 54
3.3.2 Activity Flexibility……………………………………56
3.3.3 Outsourcing Decision…………………………………61
3.3.4 Fixed Costs…………………………………………... 67
3.3.5 The Multi-Period Product-Mix
Decision Model………………………………………72