High side Low side Angular displacement
H2 X2
0
H1 H3 X1 X3
Delta–Delta
H2 X2
0
H1 H3 X1 X3
Wye Wye
X2
H2
X1 30
H1 H3
H2
Delta–Wye X3
X2
X1 30
H1 H3
X3
Wye Delta
FIGURE 5.11
Three-phase connection and angular displacement.
For parallel operation of single- or three-phase transformers, it is essential that certain conditions be maintained. For example, when placing single- phase transformers in parallel, it is important to have the same voltage ratios and impedances. Similarly, the like polarities of each transformer must be connected together when placing single-phase transformers in parallel. One should be very careful in paralleling transformers, because many problems
H1 H2 H3
X0
X1 X2 X3
FIGURE 5.12
Three-phase transformer terminal marking.
can arise if proper consideration is not given to the transformer connections and characteristics. Some of the problems in paralleling transformers that require careful analysis are the following:
Paralleling transformers having different winding connections
Transformers with different impedances or turns ratio or different primary voltages
Transformers of different polarity and phase displacement
The reader is urged to consult a transformer text before paralleling transformers.
5.6 Transformer Characteristics
Most transformers used in industrial and commercial facilities range from
500 to 2500 kVA and are three-phase, liquid-filled or dry type located indoors.
H2 H2
X2
X2
30
120
120 120
X1
X1 120 X3
H1
H3 H1
120
X3 H3
(a) (b)
FIGURE 5.13
Phasor relationship of high- and low-side voltages: (a) delta–delta or wye–wye connection; (b) delta–wye or wye–delta connection.
High side Low side Angular displacement
H2 X2
0
H1 H3 X1 X3
Delta–Delta
H2 X2
0
H1 H3 X1 X3
Wye Wye
X2
H2
X1 30
H1 H3
H2
Delta–Wye X3
X2
X1 30
H1 H3
X3
Wye Delta
FIGURE 5.11
Three-phase connection and angular displacement.
For parallel operation of single- or three-phase transformers, it is essential that certain conditions be maintained. For example, when placing single- phase transformers in parallel, it is important to have the same voltage ratios and impedances. Similarly, the like polarities of each transformer must be connected together when placing single-phase transformers in parallel. One should be very careful in paralleling transformers, because many problems
H1 H2 H3
X0
X1 X2 X3
FIGURE 5.12
Three-phase transformer terminal marking.
can arise if proper consideration is not given to the transformer connections and characteristics. Some of the problems in paralleling transformers that require careful analysis are the following:
Paralleling transformers having different winding connections
Transformers with different impedances or turns ratio or different primary voltages
Transformers of different polarity and phase displacement
The reader is urged to consult a transformer text before paralleling transformers.
5.6 Transformer Characteristics
Most transformers used in industrial and commercial facilities range from
500 to 2500 kVA and are three-phase, liquid-filled or dry type located indoors.
H2 H2
X2
X2
30
120
120 120
X1
X1 120 X3
H1
H3 H1
120
X3 H3
(a) (b)
FIGURE 5.13
Phasor relationship of high- and low-side voltages: (a) delta–delta or wye–wye connection; (b) delta–wye or wye–delta connection.
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