The expansion of cane monoculture aggravates the state’s land problem. According to the
Indigenous Missionary Council (CIMI), the Guarani-Kaiowá live in extremely difficult circumstances;
lack of land leads to serious social problems such as child death due to poor nutrition,
suicides (especially among young people between 12 and 18 years old), alcoholism and
killings. These peoples have long been the subject of violence by large land owners, with
cases of murders as well as slave labour in cane cutting. According to the CIMI’s report,
four murders of indigenous people have been documented in the housing facilities of mills.