In addition to the considerable area they occupy in Chile, espinales (s.s.) also
occur in many parts of northern Argentina, southern Bolivia, and southern
Paraguay [Morello and Saravia Toledo 1959; Ragonese and Castiglioni
1970; Morello and Adamoli 1974; personal observations, J. Aronson 1988-
89] (Fig. 3). Nowhere are espinales (s.s.) as strongly developed as in the
subhumid zone of Chile.