Specific growth rate was determined as: SGR (% wet body weight day− 1) = [(LnW2 − LnW1) / t] ∗ 100, where W2 and W1 are octopuses' final and initial wet weights, Ln is the natural logarithm and t is the number of experimental days. Growth in mg per day was calculated as: growth (mg animal− 1 day− 1) = (W2 − W1) / t, where W2 and W1 are octopuses' final and initial wet weights and t is the number of experimental days. Survival was calculated as the difference between the number of animals at the beginning and at the end of the experiment.