อัตราการไหลของอุปกรณ์ HWTSตามปริมาณของน้ำดื่มที่จำเป็นต่อคนต่อวันสำหรับกิจกรรมของมนุษย์ขั้นพื้นฐานกำหนดโดยน้ำบริการ Act (WSA) ของแอฟริกาใต้คือ 25 L/p/d [32] ในการศึกษานี้ อัตราการไหลของอุปกรณ์ที่เลือกไว้ถูกประเมินเพื่อตรวจสอบว่า แต่ละอุปกรณ์ผลิตกำหนดปริมาตรของน้ำ ผลลัพธ์ที่ได้แสดงให้เห็นว่า อุปกรณ์ทั้งหมดสามารถผลิต 25 L/p/d เป็นของดอกเบี้ย J. Environ ทรัพยากรสาธารณสุข 2012, 9151initial flow rates averaged at 0.81–6.84 L/h, 1.74–19.2 L/h, 106.5–160.5 L/h, 1–4 L/h and 0.05–2.49 L/h for the BSF-S, BSF-Z, BF, CCF and SIPP respectively (Figure 6a–e). It was noted that the BSF-S, BSF-Z and BF could produce higher volumes than the minimum required (Figure 6a–c). However, it was observed that with increased use the SIPP and CCF ceased to produce the prescribed volume of water per day due to a decrease in the flow rate (<0.05 L/h). This gradual decline resulted from the accumulation of dirt and other particles trapped in the pores of these devices while filtering contaminated water [33,34]. A gradual decrease in the flow rates of BSF-S and BSF-Z was also observed (Figure 6a,b) as the filters matured; this was attributed to the development of the biological layer and the accumulation of dirt and other particles in the filter media [35]. In order to regain the flow rates, all devices were cleaned before filtration of groundwater with high turbidity, which was done after filtering total volumes of 980 L through each of the BSF-S, BSF-Z, BF and CCF, and 280 L through the SIPP. A drastic increase in flow rates was observed for the first three devices mentioned after the first cleaning (Figure 6a–c), whereas only a slight increase in flow rate was observed after the second cleaning process of the CCF and SIPP devices (Figure 6d–e). The BSF-S flow rate had unexpectedly increased to a value that was higher (6 L/h) than the initial flow rate (Figure 6a). The flow rate of the bucket filter was consistently higher than 100 L/h. This was due to the particle size of the media that created larger pores [34].
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