the invention, by the American Charles Goodyear in 1839, of a process of vulcanizing rubber i order to make it stronger and more elastic laid the foundation of another new industry . By the 1860's there was a marked growth of factories for the production of rubber articles, but the great days of rubber still lay ahead. Similar was the story of petroleum products how to make naphtha, lubricating oils,paraffin, and kerosene by distilling crude oil. Gradually these new products found a market, and kerosene or " coal oil " was especially popular for use in lamps. World production of petroleum, a mere two thousand barrels in 1857, rose to five and a half million barrel in 1870. Only ten years later it would be thirty million.