In this study, the hydrolysis of marine macro-algae Gracilaria verrucosa with a solid-acid catalyst was
investigated. To optimize the hydrolysis, four reaction factors, including liquid-to-solid ratio, catalyst
loading, reaction temperature, and reaction time, were investigated. In the results, the highest total reducing
sugar (TRS) yield, 61 g/L (51.9%), was obtained under the following conditions: 1:7.5 solid-to-liquid
ratio, 15% (w/v) catalyst loading, 140 C reaction temperature, and 150 min reaction time. Under these
conditions, 10.7 g/L of 5-HMF and 2.5 g/L of levulinic acid (LA) were generated. The application of solidacid
catalyst and marine macro-algae resources shows a very high potential for production of fermentable
sugars.