An alternative to external reflux in countercurrent fractionation
processes using SCCO2 is the application of a thermal gradient along
the column, leading to an internal reflux [16]. The internal reflux
can be generated ifthe solubility ofthe mixture to be fractionated in
SCCO2 exhibits a substantial variation with temperature. Focusing
on continuous processes, experimental data on the fractionation
of liquid mixtures using SCCO2 and exploiting the internal reflux
are reported in a few studies, such as in the case of the refining of
lampante olive oil [17], the recovery of squalene from vegetable oil
deodorizer distillates [18,19], and the deterpenation of citrus oils
[20]. In these studies, a positive effect of the internal reflux on the
separation process efficiency is reported but no process modelling
is provided. In addition, to our knowledge, there are no modelling
studies in the literature where the relationships between the thermal
gradient, generating the internal reflux, and the other process
parameters (e.g., N, S/F) are studied. In particular, there is a lack of
research works where the internal and external reflux processes
are quantitatively compared with respect to stated process speci-
fications, thus allowing the potential for application of the internal
reflux process to be assessed.
An alternative to external reflux in countercurrent fractionationprocesses using SCCO2 is the application of a thermal gradient alongthe column, leading to an internal reflux [16]. The internal refluxcan be generated ifthe solubility ofthe mixture to be fractionated inSCCO2 exhibits a substantial variation with temperature. Focusingon continuous processes, experimental data on the fractionationof liquid mixtures using SCCO2 and exploiting the internal refluxare reported in a few studies, such as in the case of the refining oflampante olive oil [17], the recovery of squalene from vegetable oildeodorizer distillates [18,19], and the deterpenation of citrus oils[20]. In these studies, a positive effect of the internal reflux on theseparation process efficiency is reported but no process modellingis provided. In addition, to our knowledge, there are no modellingstudies in the literature where the relationships between the thermalgradient, generating the internal reflux, and the other processparameters (e.g., N, S/F) are studied. In particular, there is a lack ofresearch works where the internal and external reflux processesare quantitatively compared with respect to stated process speci-fications, thus allowing the potential for application of the internalreflux process to be assessed.
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