The thickness of the ITO layer was about 60 nm. After that, ZnO nanorods were electrodeposited in 0.005 M Zn(NO3)2 and 0.005 M hexamethylenetramine aqueous solutions. The deposition was carried out in a configured glass cell at 90 1C, in which the ITO substrate, a platinum plate, and an Ag/AgCl electrode in a saturated KCl solution served as the working electrode, the counter electrode and the reference electrode, respectively.