There are four possible reasons for that popular error. Listed by popularity:
Your download is broken, some BIN-files are not complete. To solve it, rehash the torrent, following instructions written far above.
You didn’t download all necessary files for your selection. Say, you’re installing the game in English, but didn’t download setup-fitgirl-selective-english.bin from torrent or filehoster. Download required file and try again.
You’re running the installation from a folder with a weird name, like “C:UsersВАСЯ-ПУПКИНDownloads\__[rutor.is]_Super Fitgirl Repack [FitGirl Repack]”. In such cases setup.exe can’t see it’s BIN-files and can’t proceed them. Move setup.exe + all BIN files to a shorter path, like “C:RepacksSuper Repack” and run installer from there.
You have antivirus or UAC active, which prevented rebuiding of temporary archive (I use them a lot) and thus that archive can’t be extracted. So, disable AV or UAC and reinstall the game.