Add to your background research plan a list of mathematical formulas or equations (if any) that you will need to describe the results of your experiment.
You should also plan to do background research on the history of similar experiments or inventions.
Network with other people with more experience than yourself: your mentors, parents, and teachers. Ask them: "What science concepts should I study to better understand my science fair project?" and "What area of science covers my project?" Better yet, ask even more specific questions.