Biodiesel is a methyl or ethyl esters of fatty acid made from vegetable oils (edible and non edible) or
animal fats. Biodiesel can be produced from various raw material. Raw material include the most common
vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, cottonseed, coconut, nuts, canola/rapeseed, sunflower, safflower, coconut,
castor), animal and used frying oil [2].
Indonesia is a country with a largest rubber plantation area of the world with vast acreage totalled 3.4
million hectares, with rubber production reached 2.6 million tons in 2009 [3]. With regard to rubber plant,
rubber seed are not much utilized, whereas oil content is high enough for about 40-50% [4]. Utilization of
rubber seed as raw material of biodiesel production is highly potential in Indonesia. Currently, most
biodiesel is produced from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) using methanol and base catalyst. CPO is an edible so
the use of it for biodiesel production may be a contradiction with human needs. Furthermore an alternative
raw material that does not collide is non edible oil such as rubber seed etc. Biodiesel production employs
esterification or/and transesterification reaction. Esterification is reaction between alcohol and carboxylic
acid (free fatty acid). Transesterification is a reaction between triglyceride and alcohol to produce fatty
acid methyl ester (FAME) and glycerol. Transesterification reaction is presented in Figure 1.
Biodiesel production process can be done by using a homogenous acid catalyst process [5],
supercritical process [6], enzymatic process [7], heterogeneous acid catalyst [8] and sonochemical [9].
To obtain the vegetable oil by conventional method, the seed is pressed by mechanical process or
extraction with chemical solvent. The oil further pretreated by degumming process. Of course this process
of course requires a lot of manufacturing cost. The biodiesel production from rubber seed oil used two
stages method of esterification reaction followed by transesterification reaction [4,10]. This process still
has the same drawbacks that is the pretreatment process of the oil. To solve this drawbacks, the
(trans)esterification process by in situ method will be one of the possible alternatives.
Biodiesel is a methyl or ethyl esters of fatty acid made from vegetable oils (edible and non edible) oranimal fats. Biodiesel can be produced from various raw material. Raw material include the most commonvegetable oils (e.g., soybean, cottonseed, coconut, nuts, canola/rapeseed, sunflower, safflower, coconut,castor), animal and used frying oil [2].Indonesia is a country with a largest rubber plantation area of the world with vast acreage totalled 3.4million hectares, with rubber production reached 2.6 million tons in 2009 [3]. With regard to rubber plant,rubber seed are not much utilized, whereas oil content is high enough for about 40-50% [4]. Utilization ofrubber seed as raw material of biodiesel production is highly potential in Indonesia. Currently, mostbiodiesel is produced from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) using methanol and base catalyst. CPO is an edible sothe use of it for biodiesel production may be a contradiction with human needs. Furthermore an alternativeraw material that does not collide is non edible oil such as rubber seed etc. Biodiesel production employsesterification or/and transesterification reaction. Esterification is reaction between alcohol and carboxylicacid (free fatty acid). Transesterification is a reaction between triglyceride and alcohol to produce fattyacid methyl ester (FAME) and glycerol. Transesterification reaction is presented in Figure 1.Biodiesel production process can be done by using a homogenous acid catalyst process [5],supercritical process [6], enzymatic process [7], heterogeneous acid catalyst [8] and sonochemical [9].To obtain the vegetable oil by conventional method, the seed is pressed by mechanical process orextraction with chemical solvent. The oil further pretreated by degumming process. Of course this processof course requires a lot of manufacturing cost. The biodiesel production from rubber seed oil used twostages method of esterification reaction followed by transesterification reaction [4,10]. This process stillhas the same drawbacks that is the pretreatment process of the oil. To solve this drawbacks, the(trans)esterification process by in situ method will be one of the possible alternatives.
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