4.2 Existing Conditions and Necessary Preconditions
In most developing countries the practice of coordinated and systematic
planning and action is not very common. Especially in remote rural areas
many decisions are made on an ad-hoc basis and the administration attends to the whole set of individual needs and demands one by one – the
transport of a sick person, complaint about the local teacher, need to carry
a dead body to the cemetery or partial loss of the harvest because of bad
weather. Planning, implementation and evaluation is done only on exception and is often induced by outsiders. These exercises generally are limited to particular groups or organizations and rarely include the coordination of different stakeholders (municipality, representatives of national
ministries, peasant groups etc.). Even less frequent is the incorporation
of spatial aspects in planning. Furthermore, planning and budgeting are
generally disconnected. Some plans are only produced in order to fulfil
certain obligations prescribed by law, for instance in order to increase the
municipal budget through transmissions from the national treasury. Afterwards, the planning documents are put aside without making use of its
indicative value.
This reality contrasts with the ideal of a complex national planning system that:
z Ädefines different planning levels (municipal, regional, national);
z Ärelates sector plans (roads, health infrastructure etc.) with territorial
plans;
z Äcombines long-term and short-term objectives;
z Äconverts visions in strategic plans that are again split up into operational work plans;
z Äincludes social and spatial specifications and links planning and budgeting.
4.2 Existing Conditions and Necessary PreconditionsIn most developing countries the practice of coordinated and systematic planning and action is not very common. Especially in remote rural areas many decisions are made on an ad-hoc basis and the administration attends to the whole set of individual needs and demands one by one – the transport of a sick person, complaint about the local teacher, need to carry a dead body to the cemetery or partial loss of the harvest because of bad weather. Planning, implementation and evaluation is done only on exception and is often induced by outsiders. These exercises generally are limited to particular groups or organizations and rarely include the coordination of different stakeholders (municipality, representatives of national ministries, peasant groups etc.). Even less frequent is the incorporation of spatial aspects in planning. Furthermore, planning and budgeting are generally disconnected. Some plans are only produced in order to fulfil certain obligations prescribed by law, for instance in order to increase the municipal budget through transmissions from the national treasury. Afterwards, the planning documents are put aside without making use of its indicative value.This reality contrasts with the ideal of a complex national planning system that: z Ädefines different planning levels (municipal, regional, national);z Ärelates sector plans (roads, health infrastructure etc.) with territorial plans;z Äcombines long-term and short-term objectives;z Äconverts visions in strategic plans that are again split up into operational work plans;z Äincludes social and spatial specifications and links planning and budgeting.
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