Denial of Service: A probabilistic measure tocounter
collisions is to rely on random back-offs whichdecrease the
rate of collisions. As reported in, one of themost promising
solutions for reducing collisions is ratelimiting in MAC and
using small frame sizes. Some researchers proposed several
mechanisms thatidentify such malfunctioned and misbehaving
nodes based onthe rating of how well they are performing
services asrequested and help routing protocols avoid them.
Virtual currency systems use currency to pay nodes (payment
ismade by the sender) who forward the messages of
sendernodes. The advantage of this method is that it
discouragesnodes from flooding packets in the systems.