“Wake up!” Do you hear these words

“Wake up!” Do you hear these words often? If so, maybe you are not getting enough sleep. What is
sleep? Why do people sleep? How much sleep do you need?
All people sleep. All mammals and birds also sleep. Some reptiles, amphibians, and fish sleep too.
Scientists understand some of the reasons for sleep. But they do not understand everything about it.
There are two kinds of sleep in mammals and birds. One kind of sleep is Rapid Eye Movement sleep,
which we call REM sleep. The other kind of sleep is Non–Rapid Eye Movement sleep, which we call NREM or non–REM sleep. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine divides NREM sleep into three stages: N1, N2, and N3 sleep.
When people first go to sleep, they are in NREM sleep. The first stage of NREM sleep is N1 sleep. During N1 sleep, people get very drowsy. Some people have muscle twitches during this part of sleep. People are not very conscious of, or aware of, their surroundings during this stage of sleep. Brain monitors identify small, slow, and irregular brain waves during N1 sleep. The second stage of sleep is N2 sleep. People are not at all conscious of their surroundings during N2 sleep. About 45%-55% of total adult sleep is N2 sleep. Brain monitors identify large brain waves with quick bursts of activity during N2 sleep. The third stage of sleep is N3 sleep. It is very deep sleep. Brain monitors identify very slow brain waves during N3 sleep. Therefore, N3 sleep is called slow–wave sleep (SWS.)
After N3 sleep, people cycle back to lighter N2 sleep before going into REM sleep. People cycle through the stages of NREM sleep 4 or 5 times each night and enter REM sleep several times during one night. Dreams occur during REM sleep and the eyes move quickly beneath closed eyelids. During REM sleep, people and animals are paralyzed. Scientists think people enter a state in which they cannot move so they will not hurt themselves while they are dreaming.
The National Sleep Foundation in the United States says that 7–9 hours of sleep daily is best for an adult. Seven to nine hours of sleep is good for memory, alertness, problem–solving, and health. Less than six hours of sleep affects the ability to think. Getting too much sleep may not be good for people either. Too much sleep is linked to sickness and depression.
Babies need a lot more sleep than adults. A newborn infant needs up to 18 hours of sleep each day. A baby spends about nine hours in REM sleep. Five–year–olds need 11–13 hours of sleep each day. A five–year– old spends about 2 hours in REM sleep. Teenagers need 9–10 hours of sleep each day. Pregnant women need more sleep than other adults. Many people think that elderly people need less sleep than younger adults, but that is not true. Most adults do well with 7–9 hours of sleep.
Scientists are not sure of all the reasons for sleep. They know that sleep helps the body heal and grow. Sleep helps the immune system – which helps people fight disease. Sleep helps the infant brain grow. It seems that REM sleep is especially important for babies’ brain growth. It also seems that sleep is a time for processing memories. Why do we dream? Some scientists believe that dreams have a psychological purpose. Some think that dreams help organize our brains. Some think that dreams are the result of random brain activity during REM sleep.
Sleep patterns differ substantially from culture to culture. Cultures with artificial light have different sleep patterns from cultures without artificial light (like electric lamps.) In cultures that use artificial light, people usually go to sleep later at night, and they sleep through the night. In other cultures, people often sleep for two periods. They go to sleep shortly after the sun goes down. They sleep deeply for several hours. Then, they tend to wake up for several hours. Afterward, they go to sleep again for several more hours. In hunter– gatherer groups, people sleep off and on throughout the day and night.
People sleep in a variety of places, too. Some people sleep on the ground. Some sleep on mats or in beds. Some use pillows, blankets, and other bedding. But they all sleep!
Good night! Sweet dreams!

ผลลัพธ์ (ซูลู) 1:

"Vuka!" Ingabe uzwa la mazwi ngokuvamile? Uma kunjalo, mhlawumbe hhayi ukulala ngokwanele. Kuyini
ukulala? Kungani abantu balale do? Kangakanani ubuthongo loyidzingako?
Bonke abantu balale. Zonke izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni nazo ukulala. Ezinye ezihuquzelayo, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, nezinhlanzi ubuthongo futhi.
Ososayensi baqonde ezinye izizathu ubuthongo. Kodwa abaqondi konke ngakho.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinhlobo ubuthongo ezincelisayo nezinyoni. Enye uhlobo ukulala Movement ukulala Rapid Eye,
esilibiza ngokuthi REM. Elinye uhlobo ukulala Movement ukulala Non-Rapid Eye, esilibiza ngokuthi NREM noma ukulala non-REM. The American Academy of Medicine Sleep uhlukanisa NREM ukulala zibe izigaba ezintathu:. N1, N2, futhi ubuthongo N3
Uma abantu bokuqala alale, zingabantu NREM ubuthongo. Isigaba sokuqala NREM ukulala ukulala N1. Ngesikhathi ubuthongo N1, abantu owozelayo kakhulu. Abanye abantu babe muscle anyakazisa phakathi nale ngxenye ukulala. Abantu akuzona kakhulu abazi noma aware of epholile yabo phakathi nalesi sigaba sokulala. Brain Abaqaphi ukubona amagagasi amancane, slow, futhi engaphumi ubuchopho ngesikhathi sokulala N1. The isigaba sesibili ukulala ukulala N2. Abantu akuzona abazi indawo yabo ngesikhathi sokulala N2. About 45% -55% of ukulala inani omdala ukulala N2. Brain Abaqaphi ukubona amagagasi enkulu nobuchopho Ukuvutha esheshayo yomsebenzi ngesikhathi sokulala N2. Ingxenye yesithathu ukulala ukulala N3. Kuyinto ubuthongo obukhulu kakhulu. Brain Abaqaphi ukubona amagagasi ubuchopho kancane ngesikhathi sokulala N3. Ngakho, ukulala N3 ubizwa ngokuthi slow wave-ubuthongo (SWS.)
Ngemva kokulala N3, abantu umjikelezo emuva lighter ukulala N2 ngaphambi kokuya REM. Abantu umjikelezo adlule ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene NREM ukulala 4 noma 5 izikhathi ubusuku ngabunye bese ufaka REM izikhathi eziningana phakathi ebusuku. Amaphupho zenzeka ngesikhathi se-REM futhi amehlo asheshe phansi amajwabu amehlo avaliwe. Ngesikhathi REM, abantu kanye nezilwane okhubazekile. Ososayensi bacabanga abantu ufaka isimo abakwazi ukuthutha ukuze ngeke ubuhlungu ngokwabo kuyilapho waphupha.
The National Sleep Foundation e-United States uthi 7-9 amahora ubuthongo nsuku zonke yikulu best for omdala. Ukulala amahora Seven kwayisishiyagalolunye kuhle inkumbulo, ukuqapha, izinkinga, futhi nempilo. Kungakapheli ngisho namahora ayisithupha ubuthongo kuthinta ikhono ukucabanga. Ukulala kakhulu kungenzeka kube kuhle ngabantu noma. Too ukulala kakhulu kuhlobene ukugula nokucindezeleka.
Babies badinga ukulala okuningi ngaphezu abadala. Usana olusanda kuzalwa udinga kuze amahora 18 of ubuthongo usuku ngalunye. A baby uchitha amahora ecishe in REM. Engu-Five ubudala kudingeka 11-13 amahora of ubuthongo usuku ngalunye. A old ezinhlanu-ntu uchitha amahora angaba ngu-2 REM. Intsha kudingeka 9-10 ukulala amahora usuku ngalunye. Abesifazane abakhulelwe badinga ukulala ngaphezu kwezinye abadala. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi abantu asebekhulile badinga ukulala esingaphansi abadala abasebasha, kodwa lokho akulona iqiniso. Abantu abaningi abadala benza kahle nge 7-9 amahora ubuthongo.
Ososayensi ungaqiniseki zonke izizathu ubuthongo. Bayazi ukuthi ukulala kusiza umzimba ukuphulukisa futhi ikhule. Ukulala kusiza amasosha omzimba - esiza abantu balwe nezifo. Ukulala kusiza ubuchopho usana zikhule. Kubonakala sengathi REM kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ekukhuleni kobuchopho babies '. Iphinde sengathi ukulala isikhathi sicubungula izinkumbulo. Kungani thina dream? Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amaphupho kunenjongo ngokwengqondo. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi amaphupho asize ekuhleleni ubuchopho bethu. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi amaphupho zibangelwa okungahleliwe umsebenzi kobuchopho ngesikhathi se-REM.
Lala amaphethini eyehlukile kakhulu isiko isiko. Amasiko nge izibani babe amaphethini ubuthongo kuhluke amasiko ngaphandle izibani (like izibani zikagesi.) Ezizweni ukusebenzisa izibani, abantu ngokuvamile uyolala kamuva ebusuku, futhi balala ubusuku. Kwamanye amasiko, abantu zivame ukulala isikhathi ezimbili. Bangena ukulala ngokushesha ngemuva ilanga liyashona. Balala kakhulu amahora amaningana. Bese, bavame baphaphame amahora amaningana. Ngemva kwalokho, alale futhi amahora eziningana. In amaqembu gatherer hunter-, abantu balale off futhi ngosuku lonke nasebusuku.
Abantu ukulala ezihlukahlukene izindawo, too. Abanye abantu ulale phansi. Abanye ubuthongo komata noma emibhedeni. Abanye basebenzisa pillows, izingubo zokulala, futhi ezinye zokulala. Kodwa konke ukulala!
ebusuku Good! Lala kamnandi!