At the same time that globalization has internationalized much of American policy, devolution has localized other arenas. As much of the work in public administration over the last two decades has shown, the federal government's work is carried out through an elaborate network of contracting,intergovernmental grants, loans and loan guarantees, regulations, and other indirect administrative approaches (Mosher 1980; Salamon 1981, 1989; Kettl 1988).