the cells retained 75% of the original productivity (FAME yield)
after five reaction cycles. This provides with even more economical
version of using the whole-cell based tandem lipases system for
the production of biodiesel from grease, by effective reducing the
cost of the whole cell biocatalysts through recycling. In practice,
the lost productivity of the recycled cells could be compensated
by adding some fresh cells to ensure the high FAME yield in each
reaction cycles. Considering the high yield, low cell loading of
4 wt%, and the use of the cells for at least five times, the biocatalyst
cost for the production of FAME from grease is very low.