Papaya (Carica papaya) is severely damaged by the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). This review focuses on the development of
PRSV resistant transgenic papaya through gene technology. The genetic diversity of PRSV depends upon geographical distribution
and the influence of PRSV disease management on a sequence of PRSV isolates. The concept of pathogen-derived resistance
has been employed for the development of transgenic papaya, using a coat protein-mediated, RNA-silencing mechanism and
replicase gene-mediated transformation for effective PRSV disease management. The development of PRSV-resistant papaya via
post-transcriptional gene silencing is a promising technology for PRSV disease management. PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya
is environmentally safe and has no harmful effects on human health. Recent studies have revealed that the success of adoption
of transgenic papaya depends upon the application, it being a commercially viable product, bio-safety regulatory issues, trade
regulations, and the wider social acceptance of the technology. This review discusses the genome and the genetic diversity of
PRSV, host range determinants, molecular diagnosis, disease management strategies, the development of transgenic papaya,
environmental issues, issues in the adoption of transgenic papaya, and future directions for research.