Among the 68 patients diagnosed with GDM defined by the
IADPSG criteria [1], 41 were tested with three glucose tolerance
tests; prior to 20 weeks of gestation, between 24 and 32 weeks
of gestation, and at 4–8 weeks of the postpartum period. These
patients were instructed with nutrition therapy after the first
glucose tolerance test. Of these 41 patients, 18 improved their glucose tolerance to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at the
second OGTT and are referred to hereafter as the GDM ! NGT
group. The remaining 23 patients who continued to show GDM
were categorized as the GDM ! GDM group (Fig. 1).