2.3.1 Walking speed
Walking is a fundamental part of functional task in daily life. Elderly with walking impairments show high risk of fall, reduce in quality of life, lead to dependence, and increase mortality rate. Among parameters related to walking, walking speed is a simple and high reliable measure that is not limited by gender, age and race. It is a meaningful measure of walking performance in both of frail and healthy elderly. Walking speed related to other parameters such as balance ability, device use and fall. These parameters reflect ability to operate activities of daily living
The test can be measured in terms of usual or comfortable gait speed
(CGS) and fast gait speed (FGS). The CGS might only partially reflect the potential to participate in the community. The ability to voluntarily increase walking speed may better reflect the remaining capacity for a community challenge. In other words, the change of walking speed indicates ability to adapt to different environment and task demands such as obstacle and road crossing. Distance of test depends on environment or setting area such as home and community setting. Previous studies reported the common distance used to assess the walking speed including 4, 6, 8, 10 meters with the application of color tape marks on floor and record over the central of walkway. Some studies considered to use the electronic walkway such as Gait Rite system to analyse gait parameters. The gait analysis was performed with the use of costly electronic walkway at a various length including 3.66 and 5.6 meters. However, the most common distance to measure the walking speed is 10 meters walkway
Investigated the improvement of health and physical functions of elderly over a year. The findings suggested that the improvement of walking speed 0.1 m/s indicated a substantial reduction in mortality rate of elderly. In addition, walking at a speed at least 1.0 m/s infers a good functional condition, and lower risk of morbidity and mortality of elderly. In contrast, a usual walking speed less than 1.0 m/s identified an elderly with a high risk of health-related outcomes such as limited lower extremity function, increased rate of hospitalization and death. estimated a small meaningful change of gait speed from 0.04 to 0.06 m/s and substantial meaningful change between 0.08 to 0.14 m/s. These changes could help therapists to evaluation, plan the treatments, and compare the effectiveness of interventions. Many studies emphasized that both CGS and FGS have high intrarater and interrater reliability (ICCs=0.90 to 0.98) and test-retest reliability (ICCs=0.96 to 0.97)
2.3.1 Walking speed Walking is a fundamental part of functional task in daily life. Elderly with walking impairments show high risk of fall, reduce in quality of life, lead to dependence, and increase mortality rate. Among parameters related to walking, walking speed is a simple and high reliable measure that is not limited by gender, age and race. It is a meaningful measure of walking performance in both of frail and healthy elderly. Walking speed related to other parameters such as balance ability, device use and fall. These parameters reflect ability to operate activities of daily living The test can be measured in terms of usual or comfortable gait speed(CGS) and fast gait speed (FGS). The CGS might only partially reflect the potential to participate in the community. The ability to voluntarily increase walking speed may better reflect the remaining capacity for a community challenge. In other words, the change of walking speed indicates ability to adapt to different environment and task demands such as obstacle and road crossing. Distance of test depends on environment or setting area such as home and community setting. Previous studies reported the common distance used to assess the walking speed including 4, 6, 8, 10 meters with the application of color tape marks on floor and record over the central of walkway. Some studies considered to use the electronic walkway such as Gait Rite system to analyse gait parameters. The gait analysis was performed with the use of costly electronic walkway at a various length including 3.66 and 5.6 meters. However, the most common distance to measure the walking speed is 10 meters walkway Investigated the improvement of health and physical functions of elderly over a year. The findings suggested that the improvement of walking speed 0.1 m/s indicated a substantial reduction in mortality rate of elderly. In addition, walking at a speed at least 1.0 m/s infers a good functional condition, and lower risk of morbidity and mortality of elderly. In contrast, a usual walking speed less than 1.0 m/s identified an elderly with a high risk of health-related outcomes such as limited lower extremity function, increased rate of hospitalization and death. estimated a small meaningful change of gait speed from 0.04 to 0.06 m/s and substantial meaningful change between 0.08 to 0.14 m/s. These changes could help therapists to evaluation, plan the treatments, and compare the effectiveness of interventions. Many studies emphasized that both CGS and FGS have high intrarater and interrater reliability (ICCs=0.90 to 0.98) and test-retest reliability (ICCs=0.96 to 0.97)
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