Rhodotorula species are pigmented basidiomycetous yeasts in the family Sporidiobolaceae (21). The genus contains 37 species, of which only three, including R. mucilaginosa (formerly R. rubra), R. minuta, and R. glutinis, have been reported as causes of infection in humans (7). Three novel species, which are non-pathogenic to humans, have recently been described: R. rosulata, R. silvestris and R. straminea (30). MostRhodotorula species produce colonies that are pink to coral in color but can also be orange to red on Sabouraud agar due to the presence of carotenoid pigments (Figure 1). Colony morphology has been described as soft, smooth, moist, and sometimes mucoid. Rhodotorula species are nutritionally non-fastidious, grow easily on most media, and are characterized by a rapid growth rate. They appear as round or oval budding cells under microscopy, and pseudohyphae are rarely present. A faint capsule is sometimes formed. Rhodotorula species produce the enzyme urease and do not ferment carbohydrates. They can be differentiated fromCryptococcus species by their inability to assimilate inositol and from Candida species by production of pigmented colonies and the lack of pseudohyphae (47).