We received questionnaires from 127 firms for which we also have performance data in the Oriana and Osiris databases. Due to missing values for 17 firms, we obtained 110 complete observations with full secondary information to form our research sample. Among these 110 firms, 83% had more than 500 employees, 87% had annual operating revenues of more than RMB 100 million. 75% were Chinese firms, and 25% were foreign firms. 42% were publically listed, and the remaining 58% were not listed. Among the Chinese firms, 23% were state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Hence, the sample provides a cross-section of businesses in China, with good representation of medium to large firms. As prior studies showed that larger firms are more likely to engage in active competitive behavior, our construction of the sample with larger firms is appropriate.