One of the underpinning reasons that Griffin et al. suggested for this lack of ability of teachers to appropriately stimulate high achieving students was because state and federal governments focused on ‘closing the gap’ between low and high achieving students, rather than improving the learning outcomes for students at all levels ofthe achievement spectrum. Similarly, McGaw (2008) pointed out that if Australia wants to improve on international tests,Australian educators must focus not only on improving low performing students’ achievement but also on improving high performing students’ achievement.