There was a high HIV prevalence among KP in our sample. This was particularly true among FSW, with over 60% living with HIV, compared to 31.2% among women in the general population (Mngadi et al., 2009). The prevalence of HIV among MSM was 12.6%, which is comparable to the high prevalence in the general population in Swaziland. Despite literature linking sexually transmitted infection (STI) and HIV risk (Cohen, 1998), participants who tested positive for HIV were no more likely to test positive for syphilis than HIV-negative participants in both populations.