In many measurement system the source of the signal Vs being measured is ground at one point [point 1 in fig.16.8(a)], and the amplifier to which it is connected is grounded at a different point [point 3 in fig. 16.8(a) ]. the shield of the measurement system is also usually grounded but may not be connected to the amplifier shield. thus the source, the signal lead, and the amplifier are all fully shielded from external capacitively coupled and EM interference. However, the voltage appearing across the amplifier input V2 will be the sum of the source voltage Vs and the potential difference between the two ground points 1 and 3.
If Vs has a small amplitude (such as the 10- to 50-mV output signals typical of many transducers, Vcm ( the common-mod voltage ) can completely obliterate Vs. For example , if the ground resistance between ground point 1 and 3 of fig.16.8(a) is R13 and if Rs,Rc and the amplifier input impedance Ra is 10 Mohm, V2 can be calculated to be approximately
If an attempt is made to reduce Vcm by connecting the source shield to the amplifier shield, a ground loop is produced[ fig. 16.8(b)]. Large ground currents, due to a combination of inductive pickup and the ever-present Vcm will flow in the loop. Thus the new interference common-mode voltage V'cm may have a larger amplitude than the original common-mode voltage Vcm.
In many measurement system the source of the signal Vs being measured is ground at one point [point 1 in fig.16.8(a)], and the amplifier to which it is connected is grounded at a different point [point 3 in fig. 16.8(a) ]. the shield of the measurement system is also usually grounded but may not be connected to the amplifier shield. thus the source, the signal lead, and the amplifier are all fully shielded from external capacitively coupled and EM interference. However, the voltage appearing across the amplifier input V2 will be the sum of the source voltage Vs and the potential difference between the two ground points 1 and 3.If Vs has a small amplitude (such as the 10- to 50-mV output signals typical of many transducers, Vcm ( the common-mod voltage ) can completely obliterate Vs. For example , if the ground resistance between ground point 1 and 3 of fig.16.8(a) is R13 and if Rs,Rc and the amplifier input impedance Ra is 10 Mohm, V2 can be calculated to be approximately If an attempt is made to reduce Vcm by connecting the source shield to the amplifier shield, a ground loop is produced[ fig. 16.8(b)]. Large ground currents, due to a combination of inductive pickup and the ever-present Vcm will flow in the loop. Thus the new interference common-mode voltage V'cm may have a larger amplitude than the original common-mode voltage Vcm.
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