The present work reviews results on the degradation of pharmaceutical compounds in water by non-thermal plasma (NTP). It includes a short presentation of the sources of pharmaceuticals in the environment and an overview of the most important classes of pharmaceuticals detected in water. The main part of the paper is dedicated to the results obtained on the degradation of various pharmaceutical compounds by non-thermal plasma in contact with liquid. The removal rate of the target compounds and the energy efficiency of the plasma removal process are comparatively discussed. Information on the mineralization degree (reflected by the removal of total organic carbon) as well as the biodegradability of the treated solutions is provided. The reaction products resulting from the degradation of the investigated compounds are also addressed and the degradation pathways of the pharmaceuticals under plasma conditions are discussed.