Generally, marine macroalgae in the same ecological niche or
neighborhood have the same survival demands for environmental
factors (e.g., nutrients, irradiance, and inorganic carbon). Consequently,
economically useful macroalgae that were maricultured in natural sea
regions were inevitably found to compete with native microalgae
(e.g., Wang et al., 2009) and native macroalgae (e.g., Friedlander et al.,
1996; Li et al., 2008; Tang and Gobler, 2011; Tyler et al., 2005).