This process of pulling and hauling amongst the various sectoral actors can be studied from different analytical perspectives. In the following we chose two points of departure: one that proceeds by comparing political systems, and another that is derived from a policy analysis approach and distinguishes between distinct phases (or stages) of the policy-making process and/or between the different manifestations of policy instruments. In what follows, we employ institutional, political (that is, actor-centred) and cognitive analytical approaches to understand these processes.