Diagnosis of temporomandibular (TMJ) disorders
Conventional tomography has been used extensively for the evaluation of TMJ hard tissues; however, technique sensitivity and the length of the examinations have made it a less attractive diagnostic tool for the dental clinicians. The application of CBCT in imaging the TMJ has been most significant in the evaluation of hard tissue or bony changes of the joint. Pathologic changes, such as fractures, ankylosis, dislocation and growth abnormalities such as condylar hyperplasia, are optimally viewed on CT.[22]
Diagnosis of root resorption and root fractures
CBCT allows determining the exact site of resorption and this is particularly useful in cases where resorption is occurring on the lingual or facial side of the tooth. In multirooted teeth, the root in which resorption is present can be easily visualized. A very commonly observed root resorption phenomena is present with lateral and central incisors in case of canine eruption. Thus, with CBCT, this problem could be diagnosed and the extraction of deciduous canine can be planned well in time. In case of oblique fractures, which are not viewed properly on a 2D radiograph, CBCT provides an enhanced view with finer details.
Another advantage of CBCT is that it can be acquired easily post-trauma also when periapical radiographs cannot be easily done due to swelling, bleeding and discomfort experienced by patients. The ability to view the cut of a single tooth of interest in the three planes of space makes determining if the involved tooth displays fracture much easier.
Craniofacial morphology
Lateral cephalograms have been most commonly used for this purpose. However, these come with their own set of limitations such as superimposition of structures, distortion of images, magnification and head positioning. CBCT offers better image clarity as extraneous superimposing structures can be removed and it is also possible to reorient the head position after the initial scan if the head was not properly positioned at the time of scanning. In addition, the unilateral nature of posterior crossbites can be diagnosed more specifically. A determination of an asymmetric maxilla or mandible can be accomplished more easily by viewing and measuring the bones in 3D.
Diagnosis of temporomandibular (TMJ) disordersConventional tomography has been used extensively for the evaluation of TMJ hard tissues; however, technique sensitivity and the length of the examinations have made it a less attractive diagnostic tool for the dental clinicians. The application of CBCT in imaging the TMJ has been most significant in the evaluation of hard tissue or bony changes of the joint. Pathologic changes, such as fractures, ankylosis, dislocation and growth abnormalities such as condylar hyperplasia, are optimally viewed on CT.[22]Diagnosis of root resorption and root fracturesCBCT allows determining the exact site of resorption and this is particularly useful in cases where resorption is occurring on the lingual or facial side of the tooth. In multirooted teeth, the root in which resorption is present can be easily visualized. A very commonly observed root resorption phenomena is present with lateral and central incisors in case of canine eruption. Thus, with CBCT, this problem could be diagnosed and the extraction of deciduous canine can be planned well in time. In case of oblique fractures, which are not viewed properly on a 2D radiograph, CBCT provides an enhanced view with finer details.Another advantage of CBCT is that it can be acquired easily post-trauma also when periapical radiographs cannot be easily done due to swelling, bleeding and discomfort experienced by patients. The ability to view the cut of a single tooth of interest in the three planes of space makes determining if the involved tooth displays fracture much easier.Craniofacial morphologyLateral cephalograms have been most commonly used for this purpose. However, these come with their own set of limitations such as superimposition of structures, distortion of images, magnification and head positioning. CBCT offers better image clarity as extraneous superimposing structures can be removed and it is also possible to reorient the head position after the initial scan if the head was not properly positioned at the time of scanning. In addition, the unilateral nature of posterior crossbites can be diagnosed more specifically. A determination of an asymmetric maxilla or mandible can be accomplished more easily by viewing and measuring the bones in 3D.
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