In the personal characteristics component of the model, the variables of knowledge, skills, abilities, and experiences include 1) previous formal nursing education, 2) years of experience in nursing practice, 3) pre-training self-efficacy, and 4) experiences with previous continuing professional education programs. Historically these factors have been considered predictors of how successful individuals will be in training; those individuals who do not possess the requisite background would not be seen as benefiting from training. This section reviews the relevant research literature regarding the influence of these factors on individual’s motivation to learn and motivation to transfer that learning to the workplace.