All soil indicators showed significant differences across the four
sites except TK (Table 2). Among soil physical properties including
SWC, sand, silt, and clay, D-t and S-t were characterized by
significantly higher clay and lower silt compared to those of D-ud
and S-ud, but there was no significant difference in sand between
S-t and S-ud. SWC also varied greatly across the four sites.
Significantly lower SWC was found in disturbed and treated sites
(D-t and S-t) compared with undisturbed sites (D-ud and S-ud).
Table 2 also summarizes the statistics of soil chemical
properties across the four sites. The results show that S-t had
the highest mean pH value of 8.53, which was significantly higher