Ammonia and other alkaline substances have been postulated to be important in cigarette design. The
most significant potential contribution of ammonia is a possible interaction with the native, protonated
nicotine in the smoke. Ammonia is more alkaline than nicotine and could facilitate a shift in the acid/base
equilibrium where a fraction of the total nicotine converts to the more lipophilic, non-protonated form.
This non-protonated, or free-base, form of nicotine absorbs more efficiently across membranes, resulting
in more rapid delivery to the smoker’s bloodstream. Ammonia and other potential ammonia sources,
such as additives like diammonium phosphate, could influence the acid–base dynamics in cigarette
smoke and ultimately the rate of nicotine delivery. To examine and characterize the ammonia content
in modern cigarettes, we developed a fast, simple and reliable ion chromatography based method to measure
extractable ammonia levels in cigarette filler. This approach has minimal sample preparation and
short run times to achieve high sample throughput. We quantified ammonia levels in tobacco filler from
34 non-mentholated cigarette brands from 3 manufacturers to examine the ranges found across a convenience
sampling of popular, commercially available domestic brands and present figures of analytical
merit here. Ammonia levels ranged from approximately 0.9 to 2.4 mg per gram of cigarette filler between
brands and statistically significance differences were observed between brands and manufacturers. Our
findings suggest that ammonia levels vary by brand and manufacturer; thus in domestic cigarettes
ammonia could be considered a significant design feature because of the potential influence on smoke
chemistry
Ammonia and other alkaline substances have been postulated to be important in cigarette design. Themost significant potential contribution of ammonia is a possible interaction with the native, protonatednicotine in the smoke. Ammonia is more alkaline than nicotine and could facilitate a shift in the acid/baseequilibrium where a fraction of the total nicotine converts to the more lipophilic, non-protonated form.This non-protonated, or free-base, form of nicotine absorbs more efficiently across membranes, resultingin more rapid delivery to the smoker’s bloodstream. Ammonia and other potential ammonia sources,such as additives like diammonium phosphate, could influence the acid–base dynamics in cigarettesmoke and ultimately the rate of nicotine delivery. To examine and characterize the ammonia contentin modern cigarettes, we developed a fast, simple and reliable ion chromatography based method to measureextractable ammonia levels in cigarette filler. This approach has minimal sample preparation andshort run times to achieve high sample throughput. We quantified ammonia levels in tobacco filler from34 non-mentholated cigarette brands from 3 manufacturers to examine the ranges found across a conveniencesampling of popular, commercially available domestic brands and present figures of analyticalmerit here. Ammonia levels ranged from approximately 0.9 to 2.4 mg per gram of cigarette filler betweenbrands and statistically significance differences were observed between brands and manufacturers. Our
findings suggest that ammonia levels vary by brand and manufacturer; thus in domestic cigarettes
ammonia could be considered a significant design feature because of the potential influence on smoke
chemistry
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