Follow-up and outcome
classification
The primary outcome variables were incident diabetes defined by outpatient treatment for diabetes (at least three visits for
diabetes care per 365 days), hospitalization due to diabetes (at least one hospitalization for diabetes during the study
period), use of prescription medication
for diabetes management or treatment,
and mortality due to diabetes. For analyses related to indicators of incident diabetes, we excluded individuals with
prevalent diabetes at baseline, defined as
self-reported history of diabetes or fasting
serum glucose 125 mg/dl.