which is minimized with respect to the location of the new point d. Symbols denoted
refer to coordinates which are normalized in the sub-domain of interest. The first
term in the expression attempts to maximize the distance between points, and the
second term promotes a homogeneous distribution along the coordinate axes. The
third and fourth terms ensure that points do not belong to the boundary of the sub-domain. The last term prevents points from aligning along the diagonal of the search
sub-region when only a few points are available.