As discussed by Morrison and Robinson, there are two root causes of perceived psychological
contract breach: reneging and incongruence. Reneging is when agent(s) of the organization
recognize that an obligation exists but knowingly fail to meet that obligation. An example would
be the first scenario described above, when the recruiter made an explicit promise and then failed
to uphold that promise. Incongruence, on the other hand, is when the employee and organizational
agent(s) have different understandings about whether a given obligation exists or about the
nature of a given obligation. An example would be the second scenario described above, when the