A total of 189 pregnant Thai women with GDM A1 were
approached and assessed for eligibility. Nine women were excluded
because their blood glucose was higher than 120 mg/dL and they
received insulin therapy for glycemic control (n = 5) or because they
were unable to participate as they lived far away from the setting
(n = 4). The remaining 180 participant were randomly allocated to
the intervention group (n = 90) and the control group (n = 90). All
of the participants in the intervention group participated in two
sessions of practicing mindfulness eating and yoga exercise in class
and completed more than 80% of sessions practiced at home by
themselves. No adverse events occurred during practice. The
recruitment and retention of participants are summarized in Fig. 1.
The educational background of most participants was vocational
level, and over half were employed. Most of them were multiparous,
had a family history of diabetes and no serious diabetic complications
(Table 1). Mean ages of the pregnant women in the intervention
group and control group were 32.58 (SD = 5.01), 31.24 (SD = 4.54)
years, respectively. Mean fasting plasma glucose before taking a 100-g
oral glucose tolerance test was 89.18 (SD = 12.84), and 89.36 (SD =
13.19), respectively. Baseline characteristics did not differ