The stability is
achieved when the repulsion forces balance the attraction forces by electrostatic stabilization and/or steric stabilization.
There are several types of colloidal metal stabilizers which depend on the type of metal, method of preparation, and the application of the resultant metallic nanoparticles. For example, polymers having functional groups such as -NH2, -COOH, and -OH have high affinity for metal atoms; however, the use of stabilizers is not desirable for some applications such as catalysis. Fo