MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE
rights. And indeed, this is what we see throughout the Western democracies. Wherever multiculturalism has been adopted, it has been tied to larger human-rights norms and has been subject to the overarching principles of the liberal-democratic constitutional order. No Western democracy has exempted immigrant groups from constitutional norms of human rights in order to maintain practices such as forced marriage, criminalization of apostasy, or cliterodectomy.