Liver cancer
Primary liver cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world. In 2006 in the United State there were an estimated 18,500 new case of liver cancer and 16,200 deaths relate to liver cancer. Of these, the majority occur in males. Hapatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer . It is the seventh most common cancer in men and ninth in women. The remaining primary tumors are cholangiomas or bile duct carcinomas. About 80% of people with primary liver cancer have cirrhosis of the liver. Cirrhosis is a risk factor regardless of the cause of the cirrhosis. Hepatitis C infection is responsible for about 50% to 60% of all liver cancer. And hepatitis B is responsible for approximately 20%. The incidence of liver cancer is increasing because of the increased incidence of hepatitis C. Liver cancer is very rare in persons under age 40 in the United State.
Metastatic carcinoma of the liver is more common than primary carcinoma. The liver is a common site of metastatic growth because of its high rate of blood flow and extensive capillary network. Cancer cells in other parts of the body are commonly carried to the liver via the portal circulation.
Cancer cells cause the liver to be enlarged and misshapen. Hemorrhage and necrosis in the liver are common” Lesions may be singular or numerous and nodular or diffusely spread over the entire liver. Some tumors infiltrate into other organs such as the gallbladder or into the peritoneum or diaphragm. Primary liver tumors commonly metastasize to the lung.
Clinical Manifestation and diagnostic Studies
It is difficult to diagnose and differentiate liver cancer from cirrhosis in its early stage because of their similar clinical manifestations. Other common manifestations of liver cancer include dull abdominal pain in the epigastric or right upper quadrant region, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and increased abdominal girth. Patients frequently have pulmonary emboli. Tests use to assist in the diagnosis are a liver scan , CT, magnetic resogiography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP). If performed, liver biopsy is done laparoscopically to decrease the risk of tumor spread. Serum a-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are elevated in approximately 50% to 75% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The level of elevation correlates inversely with prognosis. AFP levels help distinguish primary cancer from metastatic cancer.
Liver cancer
Primary liver cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world. In 2006 in the United State there were an estimated 18,500 new case of liver cancer and 16,200 deaths relate to liver cancer. Of these, the majority occur in males. Hapatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer . It is the seventh most common cancer in men and ninth in women. The remaining primary tumors are cholangiomas or bile duct carcinomas. About 80% of people with primary liver cancer have cirrhosis of the liver. Cirrhosis is a risk factor regardless of the cause of the cirrhosis. Hepatitis C infection is responsible for about 50% to 60% of all liver cancer. And hepatitis B is responsible for approximately 20%. The incidence of liver cancer is increasing because of the increased incidence of hepatitis C. Liver cancer is very rare in persons under age 40 in the United State.
Metastatic carcinoma of the liver is more common than primary carcinoma. The liver is a common site of metastatic growth because of its high rate of blood flow and extensive capillary network. Cancer cells in other parts of the body are commonly carried to the liver via the portal circulation.
Cancer cells cause the liver to be enlarged and misshapen. Hemorrhage and necrosis in the liver are common” Lesions may be singular or numerous and nodular or diffusely spread over the entire liver. Some tumors infiltrate into other organs such as the gallbladder or into the peritoneum or diaphragm. Primary liver tumors commonly metastasize to the lung.
Clinical Manifestation and diagnostic Studies
It is difficult to diagnose and differentiate liver cancer from cirrhosis in its early stage because of their similar clinical manifestations. Other common manifestations of liver cancer include dull abdominal pain in the epigastric or right upper quadrant region, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and increased abdominal girth. Patients frequently have pulmonary emboli. Tests use to assist in the diagnosis are a liver scan , CT, magnetic resogiography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP). If performed, liver biopsy is done laparoscopically to decrease the risk of tumor spread. Serum a-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are elevated in approximately 50% to 75% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The level of elevation correlates inversely with prognosis. AFP levels help distinguish primary cancer from metastatic cancer.
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