According to the basic characteristics of the model proposed in Figure 1,
organisational and contingency factors moderate the policies of resourcing and
development, the outcomes of skills, attitudes, and behaviour, and organisational
performance. Furthermore, resourcing precedes development, which precedes skills,
that precedes attitudes, that precedes behaviour, which precedes organisational
performance. An analogy may be made between the concepts presented in Figure 1
and Kirkpatrick’s (1998) four-level model: level-one evaluation is equivalent to the
assessment of resourcing as an input of HRD, level two refers to the actual process
of HRD, level three evaluates the output of HRD (skills, attitudes, behaviour), and
level four measures organizational performance as an impact derived by HRD
(Wang, Dou, & Li, 2002).
Specifically, although it is expected organisational context and contingencies to be
associated with organisational performance, skills, attitudes, and behaviour, and
resourcing and HRD, the sign of this association depends on the specific variables
constituting the organisational context and contingencies constructs (Wang, 2000).