). The content areas are concerned with students' engagement with academic reading and writing, their engagement with learning about and discussing research literature, learning about research methods and using research methods in their own projects or in participation with teachers' projects. This model provides four fairly distinct categories of research in education that make it possible to discuss what we mean by research based teacher education. According to Healey and Jenkins (2009), the model does not posit that one kind of activity is better than another. Quite the contrary, all four activities are viewed as valid and valuable and they argue that all four should be present. However, they question whether teaching and learning in undergraduate programs is mainly involved with the lower left half of the model.